Leptospiroz, infekte hayvanlar veya onlarýn vücut sývýlarýyla temas yoluyla insanlara bulaþan bir hastalýktýr. Baþ aðrýsý, kas aðrýsý gibi hafif klinik bulgulardan sarýlýk, böbrek yetersizliði (Weil hastalýðý), menenjit, miyokardit ve hemodinamik yetersizlikle ölüme kadar geniþ spektrum gösteren bir hastalýk olup, nedeni bilinmeyen ateþ etiyolojisinde yer almaktadýr.
Olasý bir epidemiyi iþaret edebilmesi açýsýndan son bir yýlda kliniðimizde leptospiroz tanýsý konan 15 olgu yaþ, cins, semptom, klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularý, prognostik faktörler ve
tanýsal yaklaþým açýsýndan retrospektif olarak deðerlendirildi. Hastalarýn hepsinde kanda direkt inceleme ile karanlýk sahada leptospira görüldü, 13 olguda lateks aglutinasyon testi pozitifti ve 9 olgunun kan kültüründe üreme oldu. Ýdrar incelemesi gönderilen 5 olgunun birinde direkt inceleme ve lateks pozitif bulundu, ancak kültürde üreme olmadý. 6 olgudan BOS’da Leptospira incelemesi istendi. 2 olguda direkt baký, 1 olguda lateks aglutinasyon testi pozitif bulundu, sadece 1 olguda kültürde üreme saðlandý. Taný kesinleþince penisilin kristalize 300.000 U/kg/gün, 6 dozda iv. baþlandý. Ateþi devam eden iki hastada doksisiklin tedavisine cevap alýndý. Weil hastalýðý tanýsý alan bir hastamýz kaybedildi.
Sonuç olarak; kötü hijyen koþullarýnda kolaylýkla epidemi yapma potansiyeli olan leptospira infeksiyonun, nedeni bilinmeyen ateþ etiyolojisinde akýlda tutulmasý vurgulanmak istendi.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. Humans infected through direct contact with infected animals or through exposure of fresh water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine, develop on acute febrile illness with headache or myalgie or that can be followed by a more severe sometime fatal illness that may include jaundice and renal failure (Weil’s disease), meningitis, myocarditis or hemodinamic collapse. Leptospirosis may also be presented with fever of unknown origin. We report 15 cases of leptospirosis diagnosed in the last one year. Age, sex, presenting symptoms, laboratory data, prognostic factors and diagnostic approch were investigated retrospectively. Leptospires were demostrated with direct darkfield microscopy in the blood sample of all 15 patients. The agglutination
test was positive in 13 patients and blood cultures revealed leptospires in 9 cases. Urine specimen investigation was done in 5 cases. Agglutination test and direct microscopy were
positive only in one of them. All the wine cultures for leptospira were negative. Cerebrospinal fluid specimen of 6 patiets were examined. Direct microscopy was positive in 2 cases where as agglutination test and culture was positive in one case. All patients were treated with a penicilline 300 000 U/kg/day. In two patients with prolonged fever doxycylin was also administred. One case of weil disease was die because of hemodynamic collaps. Poor hygienic conditions may lead leptospirosis outbreaks easly. We conclude that leptospirosis must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of fever of
unknown origin and also patients with poor hygienic conditions.

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Bu çalýþmada yaz döneminde ishal nedeni ile acil servisimize baþvuran 45 hastanýn deðerlendirilmesi amaçlandý. Toplam 45 hastanýn en sýk baþvuru þikayeti 18 (% 40) hasta ile karýn aðrýsý idi. Þüpheli gýda öyküsüne 2 (% 4) hastada rastlandý. Hastalarýn gaitada mikroskobik incelemelerinde eritrosit, lökosit, parazit, trofozoit, kist ve yumurtasý 2 (% 4) hastada görüldü; 18 (% 40) hastadan alýnan gaita kültüründen 15 (% 83.3)’inde patojen bakteri saptanmadý. Hastalarýn 37 (% 82)’sine mayi replasman tedavisi uygulandý. Hastalarýn 44 (% 98)’ünün acil servisten ilk müdahale ve gözlemden sonra taburcu edildiði, bunlarýn da 9 (% 20)’una antibiyotik baþlandýðý görüldü. Acil servise baþvuran gastroenteritli hastalarýn antibiyotik tedavisinde akýlcý davranýlmasý sayesinde hem maliyet hem de gereksiz antibiyotik kullanýmýndan kazanç elde edileceðini düþünmekteyiz.

The aim of this study was to evaluate 45 adult patients who admitted to the emergency department bacause of diarrhoea in summer season. Abdominal pain was the most common complaint in the 18 (40 %) of 45 patients.There was suspicious food history in 2 (4 %) patients. In the microscopic examination of gaita samples; erythrocytes, leucocytes, parasites, trophozoites, cysts and eggs were found in 2 (4%) of the patients. Gaita cultures were negative for pathogen bacteria in 15 (83,3) of 18 (40 %) patients. Fluid replacement treatment was performed to 37 (82 %) patients.After the first intervention
and observation 44 (98 %) patients were discharged from emergency department and antibiotics were prescribed to 9 (20 %) of these patients.We conclude that rationalist use of antibiotics will be more cost-effective in the treatment of the patients who admitted to the emergency department bacause of diarrhoea.

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Postoperatif aðrýnýn azaltýlmasý tüm ameliyatlar için önemlidir. Hem hasta memnuniyeti açýsýndan hem de iyi hekimlik açýsýndan! Postoperatif aðrýnýn azaltýlmasý en az invaziv ve en az komplikasyonla yapýlmalýdýr. Operabl meme kanserinde cerrahi giriþimin baþlýca amacý, kanserli organý ortadan kaldýrmak, yaþam kalitesini artýrmak ve en önemlisi saðkalýmý uzatmaktýr. Ýleri evre olmayan bir çok tip meme kanserinde ameliyat þifa saðlayabilir.
Bu çalýþmada, operabl meme kanserli hastalarýn lokal cerrahi tedavisinde, bupivakain infiltrasyonu ile lokal ve topikal anestezinin postoperatif aðrý þiddeti üzerindeki etkilerinin araþtýrýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
Yaþ ortalamasý 48,5 (31-81) olan 33 bayan hastaya modifiye radikal mastektomi ve level l ve ll aksiller lenf nodu diseksiyonu uygulandý. Randomize, çift kör, klinik çalýþma planlanarak peroperatif 17 hastaya bupivakain infiltre edildi, bu hastalara ihtiyaca göre postoperatif metamizol yapýlýrken, diðer 16 kontrol hasta grubuna rutin metamizol uygulandý. Postoperatif aðrý basit tanýmlayýcý skor (BTS) ve vizüel analog skala (VAS) ile ölçüldü. Postoperatif analjezi gruplarý Mann-Witney U testi ile karþýlaþtýrýldý. Tüm olgularla teke tek görüþme ortamý saðlandý. Hastalarla yapýlan VAS ve BTS sorgulamalarý sonuçlarý ortalama olarak belirtildi. Postoperatif 1., 6., 18. Saatlerdeki aðrý hissi kendi arasýnda ve postoperatif analjezi gruplarý Mann-Witney U testi ile karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Tümör 15 (% 45) hastada sol, 18 (% 55)'inde sað meme lokalizasyonunda idi, 26 (% 79)'si invaziv duktal, 5 (% 15)'i invaziv lobuler, 1 (% 3)'i müsinöz ve 1 (% 3)'i anaplastik büyük T hücrali karsýnom idi. Level 1 ve ll düzeyde ortalama 9,1 (2-21) lenf nodu çýkartýldý. Bupivakain infiltrasyonu yapýlan ve yapýlmayan gruplar arasýnda bupivakain infiltrasyonu yapýlan grup lehine 1., 6., 18. saatlerde VAS için ileri derecede anlamlý fark (VAS p<0.01) ve BTS içinse anlamlý fark (p<0.05) bulundu.
Peroperatif lokal ve bölgesel bupivakain uygulamasýnýn postoperatif aðrý þiddetinin azaltýlmasýnda etkin bir yöntem olduðu sonucuna varýldý.

Pain management is very important after all surgical admissions for patients and for medical practitioners. Pain reducing or painlessness is provide patient pleasure and confidence to
surgeon. Cure could be obtained by local and/or systemic ways in operable breast cancers. The purpose of operation is provide tumorectomy and prevent to local recurrence in these patients.
If the patient has not distant metastases operation could be provide cure. In this study we aimed to evaluate to effects of local Bupivacaine application on postoperative pain control
with comparing the conventional pain management technique.
Prospective, randomised, double blind, clinical study planned on 33 women (31-81 years old, mean age 48.5) who are divided into two groups. Modified radical mastectomy and level l
and ll axillary lymphatic dissection are performed to all patients. Peroperative intracutaneous Bupivacaine injected along the incision borders to 17 patients and if it needed postoperative
intramuscular metamizole applied (Bupivacaine group). 16 patients took only postoperative intramuscular metamizole (control group). Postoperative pain measured via “simple definite
scor (SDS)” and “visual analogue scala (VAS)”.
Tumours are at left breast in 15 (45 %), at right in 18 (55 %) patients. Histopathologic classification of cancers of patients are; invasive ductal carcinoma in 5 (15 %) patients, invasive lobular carcinoma in 1 (3 %) patients, musinous carcinoma in 1 (3 %) patients, and anaplastic carcinoma in 1 (3 %) patients. Level I and ll axillary lymph node dissections are provided mean 9,1 (range 2-21) node extraction. Evaluations of groups via SDS and VAS score systems are appeared statistically significant differences between the two groups (p<0.001). Pain sensations in postoperative 1, 6, 18th hours are compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Patients pain sensations are significantly low in postoperative 1, 6, 18th hours in Bupivacaine group, according to either SDS or VAS score systems (for SDS p<0.05, for VAS p<0.001).
Peroperative local bupivacaine injection is an effective postoperative pain management technique for mastectomies.

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Çalýþma, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Saðlýk Yüksekokulu ve Saðlýk Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu öðrencilerinin hepatit B ve AIDS konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranýþ düzeylerini ölçmek amacýyla planlanmýþtýr. Öðrencilerin hepatit B ve AIDS’in bulaþma, korunma yollarý ve hepatit-B’li ve AIDS’li hastaya yaklaþýmý konusundaki bilgileri saptanmýþ ve genellikle yeterli bulunmuþtur. Saðlýk Yüksekokulu’nda okuyan öðrencilerin bilgi ve davranýþlarýnýn, Saðlýk Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda okuyan öðrencilere göre daha yüksek olduðu, kýrsal kesimde yetiþmiþ olan öðrencilerin il-ilçede yetiþen öðrencilere göre hepatit-B ve AIDS’li kiþilere daha çekinen davrandýklarý belirlenmiþtir.

The aim of the study was to determine the attitudes, behavior and knowledge about AIDS and Hepatitis-B of the high school students. This study population would probably take important mission in health education in society and hospitals therefore their knowledge about transmission and protection noutes and management of the patients with AIDS and Hepatitis-B infection were evaluated. The results of the study have been determined that the high schools’ students have more educated than the other school students’. Also the students
which have lived in country were improved negative behavior against HIV/HBV person than the students which have lived in city centers.

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Çalýþmanýn amacý, genel anestezi uygulanan olgularýn preoperatif deðerlendirme ile hava yolu problemlerini saptamak ve bu saptanan problemlerin indüksiyon, ekstübasyon ve derlenme döneminde karþýlaþýlan solunumsal problemler ile karþýlaþtýrmaktýr.
Genel anestezi ile cerrahi operasyon geçiren toplam 1144 elektif olgu çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Preoperatif % 11.3 olguda hava yolu problemi saptandý. Olgularýn % 3.7’inde Mallampati sýnýflamasý 3-4, % 1.8’inde tiromental mesafe 6/6 cm’den kýsa, % 4.1’inde laringoskopik görüntü derecesi 3-4, % 2.1’inde zor entübasyon saptandý, bunlarýn % 11.5’inde entübasyona yardýmcý teknikler kullanýldý. Olgularýn % 3.7’sinde indüksiyon sýrasýnda, % 13.1’inde ekstübasyon sýrasýnda ve % 6.8’inde uyanma odasýnda solunumsal problemler görüldü. Olgularýn laringoskopik görüntü dereceleri ile Mallampati sýnýflamalarý ve tiromental mesafe uzunluklarý arasýnda; entübasyonda yardýmcý tekniklerin kullanýlmasý ve entübasyonda zorluk ile Mallampati sýnýþamalarý, tiromental mesafe uzunluklarý ve laringoskopik görüntü dereceleri arasýnda istatistiksel olarak ileri düzeyde anlamlý iliþki bulunmaktadýr (p<0.01). Hava yolu problemi olan olgularda indüksiyon ve ekstübasyonda solunumsal problem görülme oranlarý, hava yolu problemi olmayan olgulardan istatistiksel olarak ileri düzeyde anlamlý yüksektir (p<0.01).
Sonuç olarak, ekstübasyon sýrasýnda daha sýk solunumsal problemlere rastlanýlmaktadýr. Preoperatif hava yolu deðerlendirmesi, indüksiyon ve ekstübasyon sýrasýnda görülebilecek
solunumsal problemlere ve zor entübasyona karþý hazýrlýklý olmamýzý saðlayabilir.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the respiratory problems of the patients who underwent elective general anaesthesia and compare them with the respiratory complications during induction, extubation and recovery periods of anaesthesia.
1144 patients who underwent elective general anaesthesia for surgery were included into this study. Preoperatively, respiratory problems were present in 11.3 % of the patients. 3.7 % of them were Mallampaty class 3-4. Thyromental distance was shorter than 6/6 cm in 1.8 %. The laryngoscopic state was 3-4 in 4.1 %, difficult intubation in 2.1 % and we used other tecniques to intubate 11.5 % of them. Respiratory complications occured in 3.7 % of the patients during induction; 13.1 % during extubation and 6.8 % in the recovery room. The relationships between laryngoscopic state with Mallompaty class and thyromental distance; and also between using some helpful technics for the intubation and difficult tracheal intubation with Mallompaty state, thyromental distance and laryngoscopic
state were significantly higher (p<0.01). Statistically the ratio of respiratory complications during induction and extubation for the patients with respiratory problems was significantly
higher than the patients with no respiratory problems (p<0.01).
In conclusion, the respiratory complications were seen more frequently during extubation. Preoperative airway evaluation make us ready for the respiratory complications during induction, extubation and difficult intubation.

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Tüberküloz (TB) günümüzde hala ülkemiz için önemli bir halk saðlýðý problemi olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu önemli soruna karþý yürütülmekte olan ulusal kontrol programýmýzýn uygulanmasýnda Verem Savaþ Dispanserlerine (VSD) önemli görevler verilmiþtir. Bu çalýþmada, Diyarbakýr 1 no.lu VSD ve göðüs hastalýklarý klinikleri arasýnda TB’a taný koyma yöntemlerinin karþýlaþtýrýlmasýný amaçladýk.
Diyarbakýr 1 no.lu VSD’de son 3 yýl içinde (Ocak 2002-Aralýk 2004) TB tanýsý alan 916 hasta arasýndan -popülasyonu temsil etmek üzere- istatistiksel yöntem olarak “Sistematik Örnekleme Yöntemi” ile 360 dosya retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Hastalarýn 270’i (% 75) akciðer TB, 90’ý (% 25) akciðer dýþý organ TB idi. Akciðer TB tanýsý alan olgularýn 172’sinin (% 63.7) yayma pozitif, 98’inin (% 36.3) yayma negatif olduðu
saptandý. Ayýrýcý taný olanaðý olan göðüs hastalýklarý kliniklerinde (2. basamak ve 3. basamak saðlýk kurumlarýnda) taný alan 162 akciðer TB hastasýndan 117’sine (% 72.2) bakteriyolojik yöntemlerle (balgamda asido-resiztan bakteri (ARB) pozitifliði, balgamda kültür pozitifliði, bronþial lavajda ve mide açlýk suyunda ARB pozitifliði) taný konduðu, 45 (% 27.8) hastaya bakteriyolojik olmayan yöntemlerle (klinik, radyolojik, tüberkülin cilt testi,…) taný konulduðu saptandý. VSD tarafýndan taný konulan 90 akciðer TB hastasýnýn 58’ine (% 64.4) bakteriyolojik yöntemlerle, 32’sine (% 35.6) bakteriyolojik olmayan yöntemlerle taný konduðu saptandý.
VSD’de bakteriyolojik olmayan yöntemlerle taný alan 32 hastanýn 15’inde (% 46.8) tedaviye yanýt alýnamadýðý ve sonrasý nda ayýrýcý taný olanaðý olan merkezlerce TB tanýsýnýn hatalý olduðu saptandý. Hastalara uygulanan tedavi süresi açýsýndan deðerlendirildiðinde ortalama tedavi süresi 7.51±2.90 ay olarak tespit edildi. Hastalara verilen tedavi rejimleri veya sürelerinin tespitinde 56 (%15.6) olguda bazý yanlýþlar (uygun olmayan rejim, tedavinin gereðinden kýsa veya uzun tutulmasý) yapýldýðý saptandý.
VSD’de bakteriyolojik olmayan yöntemlerle TB tanýsý konulduðunda hata oranýnýn yüksek olduðu saptandý. Ayýrýcý tanýya yönelik çalýþmalar sonucu çoðu hastada TB dýþý nedenler saptandýðýndan bu hastalara hemen TB tedavi vermek yerine ulusal TB kýlavuzunda belirtildiði gibi ayýrýcý taný olanaklarý olan merkezlere yönlendirilmesi daha doðru bir yaklaþým olacaktýr.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important health problem for our country. Tuberculosis conrol dispensaries (TCD) undertake important functions in application of national TB control programme. In this study, comparison of diagnosis methods in TB is aimed between Diyarbak›r No.1 TCD and chest diseases clinics.
The data of 360 cases were investigated retrospectively in Diyarbakýr No.1 TCD. Systematicsample method was used in the selection of this cases within registered 916 cases between January 2002 and December 2004.
It was found that cases were as 270 (% 75) pulmonary TB and 90 (% 25) extra pulmonary TB. Pulmonary tuberculosis cases were as 172 (% 63.7) of smear positive 98 (% 36.3) of smear negative. Bacteriological and nonbacteriological methods were
used in the 117 (% 72.2) cases and 45 (% 27.8) cases of 162 cases as diagnosed at pulmonary TB chest diseases clinics, respectively. Bacteriological and nonbacteriological
methods were used in the 58 (% 64.4) cases and 32 (% 35.6) cases of 90 cases as diagnosed at pulmonary TB Diyarbakýr No. 1 TCD, respectively.
It was found that the diagnosis of 15 (% 46.8) cases that diagnosed by nonbacteriological methods at TCD was determinated to be as false by chest diseases clinics that have different diagnosis possibility.
It was determinated that the mean treatment time was 7.51±2.90 month.It was found that the 56 (% 15.6) cases were made some errors according to treatmet regime or treatment
time.
The false rate was found to be high when used nonbacteriological methods at TCD. National TB programme is suggested that smear negative cases are sent to health centers having different diagnosis possibility. As a result of,our study is in agreement this suggestion.

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Çocuklardaki baþ aðrýsý nedenleri selim olabileceði gibi ciddi organik nedenlere de baðlý geliþebilir. Bu çalýþmada çocukluk yaþ grubundaki olgularda baþ aðrýsý yakýnmasýnýn etiyolojik nedenlerinin araþtýrýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
Çalýþma, baþ aðrýsý yakýnmasý ile baþvuran ve yaþlarý 6-14 yaþ arasý deðiþen 40'ý kýz ve 22'si erkek olan 62 olguda retrospektif olarak yapýldý. Olgularda baþ aðrýsýnýn baþlangýç yaþý, süresi, sýklýðý, karakteri, yeri, þiddeti, eþlik eden bulgular, tetikleyen etmenler, aile öyküsü, fizik ve nörolojik muayene bulgularý ile waters, EEG, BBT ve MRG gibi araþtýrma verileri kaydedildi.
Baþ aðrýsý nedenleri olarak 14 olguda (% 22.6) gerilim tipi baþ aðrýsý, 11 olguda (% 17.7) sinüzit, 9 olguda (% 14.5) migren, 6 olguda (% 9.7) epilepsi, 5 olguda (% 8.1) posttravmatik baþ aðrýsý, 4 olguda (% 6.4) göz bozukluðuna baðlý baþ aðrýsý, 2 olguda (% 3.2) araknoid kist, bir olguda (% 1.6) intrakraniyal tümör ve 10 olguda (% 16.2) sýnýflandýrýlamayan baþ aðrýsý saptandý.
Bu çalýþmada en sýk baþ aðrýsý nedenleri olarak gerilim tipi baþ aðrýsý, migren ve sinüzit tespit edildi.

Headaches in childhood can be the result of serious organic events as well as the benign causes. In this paper, it is aimed to investigate the etiology of the headache complaint in childhood.
This research is made retrospectively in 62 cases; 40 females and 22 males, who are 6-14 years old and admitted with the complaint of headache. The age of the beginning of the
headache, duration, frequency, character, localization, intensity, accompanying factors, triggering factors, family history, physical and neurological examination, waters graphy, EEG, BBT and MRG datas are recorded.
There were tension headache in 14 cases (22.6 %), sinusitis in 11 (17.7 %), migraine in 9 ( 14.5 %), epilepsy in 6 (9.7 %), posttraumatic headache in 5 (8.1 %), headache related with eye disorders in 2 cases (6.4 %), arachnoid cyst in 2 cases (3.2 %), intracranial tumor in 1 case (3.2 %) and unclassified headache in 10 cases (16.2 %).
In this study, the mostly seen causes of headaches in childhood are determined as tension headaches, migraine and sinusitis.

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Today endoscopic examination is the best diagnostic method for the visualization of the upper and lower gastrointestinal system. In many countries endoscopic interventions have become better tolerated and more comfortable using sedoanalgesia and because it causes amnesia in patients repeated examinations are easier. Sedation during endoscopy is a conscious sedation that provides patient cooperation to verbal and and tactile stimuli. In gastroenterology sedation is applied in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic interventions for esophagus, stomach, duodenum and colon and during cholangiopancreaticography.
The procedure of gastrointestinal endoscopy contains multiple standardized diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and has provided a perfect source for IV sedation studies. In gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation is applied safely by endoscopists that are experienced in sedation and analgesics. Especially in the pediatric group, in the presence of cardiac and pulmonary diseases and prolonged duration of the procedure, that the sedation is applied by anesthetists using standard moniterization is most appropriate.

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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immunological disease which effects the white-matter of central nervous system (CNS) and which forms acute demyelinating multifocal lesions. Cases usually apply with neurological findings after a viral infection (CMV, EBV, mumps, measles) or inoculation. Mortality differs between 3-10 %. Because of unisolation of microorganism from brain tissue and seeing after inactive viral vaccine we think that immune mechanisms take part of role in pathogenesis. In CNS, it is assumed that immune damage is formed by T lymphocytes sensible to myeline. It is so
rare under 2-years. Clinical findigs are fever, headache, absent-minding, seizures, optic neuropaty, myelithis, hemiparesia. In diagnosis, the most important finding is bilateral, more than one and usually non-simetric signal increase areas in MR (T2-weighted). In cerebrospinal fluid, protein increase and mononuclear cells can be seen or it can be normal.
In treatment, we use steroids, intravenous immunglobulin (IVIG) and plasmaferesis. In this study we presented three cases of ADEM who applied to our clinic of neurology with the information of literatures.

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Spinal cord diseases should always be kept in mind in the evaluation of patients with pain, sensory disturbances and weakness.
A patient with a longstanding pain and muscular weakness is presented and discussed here. He had been evaluated and treated by many other clinics before. He was undiagnosed and his complaints worsened by time. The physical examination revealed upper motor neuron signs which led us to a spinal cord pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated syringomyelia.
A careful history and physical examination is an important means of arriving at a diagnosis. The clinician must be cognizant of signs and symptoms that may indicate a serious disorder
as a spinal cord pathology.

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Behçet’s disease, a multisystem disorder originally described as recurrent oral and genital ulcerations with relapsing iritis or uveitis, is often characterized by cutaneous, arthritic, neurologic, vascular and gastrointestinal manifestations. A 16 year old girl with recurrent oral, genital aphtous lesions and artralgia. She was diagnosed as Behçet’s disease and no other system involvement was seen.
The case was reported because of the rarity of the disease in childhood and the difficulty in making diagnosis.

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Bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a clinicopathological syndrome, consisting of respiratory and systemic symptoms, patchy consolidation on chest radiography
and computed tomography, restrictive defect on pulmonary function testing, and the presence of buds of granulation tissue within the distal airways and alveolar spaces.
In this report a patient with BOOP resembling pneumonia is presented.

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Apert’s syndrome is a spectrum syndrome characterized by cranyositosis, maxillary hypoplasia and syndactyly often accompanied by associated anomalies including, genitourinary defects, gastrointestinal system anomalies and cardiac defects. Pediatric patients with Apert’s syndrome frequently present for multiple orthopedic surgeries requiring general endotracheal anesthesia.
In our study we reported our anesthetic experience with the laryngeal mask airway in a 3 month-old female patient with Apert’s syndrome. We used sevoflurane 1-8 % and fentanyl (1 mcg kg-1) to induce anesthesia, and maintained anesthesia with 40 % nitrous oxide, oxygen, and sevoflorane 1-3 %. Both induction and maintenance were smooth. Emergence from anesthesia was also smooth.

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