Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalýðý-19 (COVÝD-19) atriyal fibrilasyon (AF) ve ventriküler aritmiler ile iliþkilidir. Yüzey elektrokardiyografisindeki (EKG) çeþitli elektrofizyolojik anormallikler, anormal interatriyal iletimin veya anormal repolarizasyonun belirteçleri olarak AF ve ventriküler aritmilerle iliþkilendirilmiþtir. Bu çalýþmada, pandemi sýrasýnda COVÝD-19 enfeksiyonu ile hastaneye yatýrýlan hastalarda bu tür EKG belirteçlerinin daha yaygýn olup olmadýðý anlaþýlmaya çalýþýlmýþtýr.
Yöntemler: Toplam 87 COVÝD-19 hastasý çalýþma grubunu oluþtururken, COVÝD-19 enfeksiyonu dýþýnda herhangi bir nedenle hastaneye yatýrýlan 64 hasta kontrol grubu olarak çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Kýsmi ve ileri interatriyal blok (ÝAB) sýklýðý, QT ve düzeltilmiþ QT (QTc) süreleri, QT dispersiyonu (QTd) ve T tepeden uca süresi (Tpe) baþvuru EKG’lerinden ölçüldü.
Bulgular: COVÝD-19 hastalarýnda hem kýsmi hem de ileri ÝAB daha yaygýndý, ancak istatistiksel anlamlýlýk yalnýzca ileri ÝAB için gözlendi (COVÝD-19 hastalarýnda %11,5’e karþý kontrollerde %0,0, p=0,005). QTc, QTd veya Tpe için gruplar arasýnda fark yoktu. Bayesyen analizlerde, COVÝD-19 ile ileri ÝAB (BF10: 16) arasýnda bir iliþkiyi destekleyen güçlü kanýtlar bulunurken, kýsmi ÝAB, QTc, QTd veya Tpe için bir iliþki olduðuna dair kanýt yoktu (hepsi için BF10<1).
Sonuçlar: COVÝD-19 ile hastaneye yatýrýlan hastalarda ileri ÝAB görülme olasýlýðý daha yüksektir ve bu durum AF’nin bu hastalarda neden daha sýk görüldüðünü açýklayabilir.

Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias. Several electrophysiological abnormalities on surface electrocardiography (ECG) are associated with AF and ventricular arrhythmias, either as markers of abnormal interatrial conduction or abnormal repolarization. The present study sought to understand whether such ECG markers are more common in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection during the pandemic.
Methods: A total of 87 COVID-19 patients formed the study group, whereas 64 patients who were hospitalized for any reason other than COVID-19 infection served as controls. The frequency of partial and advanced interatrial block (IAB), QT and corrected QT (QTc) durations, QT dispersion (QTd), and T peak-to-end duration (Tpe) were measured from ECGs at admission.
Results: Both partial and advanced IAB were more common in patients with COVID-19, although statistical significance was only observed for advanced IAB (11.5% in COVID-19 patients vs. 0.0% in controls, p=0.005). There were no differences between the groups for QTc, QTd or Tpe. On Bayesian analyses, there was strong evidence favoring an association between COVID-19 and advanced IAB (BF10: 16), whereas there was no evidence for an association for partial IAB, QTc, QTd, or Tpe (BF10<1 for all).
Conclusions: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were more likely to have advanced IAB, which may explain why AF is more frequent in these patients.

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Amaç: Prostatik glandüler intraluminal konkresyonlarýn konturuna iliþkin net bir fikir birliði yoktur. Bu çalýþma, bu oluþumlarýn gerçek doðasýný çözmeye yönelik rasyonel yaklaþýmý aydýnlatmakta ve bunlarýn prostat bezinin normal rutin histolojisindeki rolünü deðerlendirmektedir.
Yöntemler: Prostatik hastalýðý olduðundan þüphelenilen ancak daha sonra normal olduðu tespit edilen asemptomatik hastalarýn normal prostat bezlerinden elde edilen transrektal biyopsi örneklerinden hazýrlanan 50 hematoksilen ve eozin slaytý, prostat lümenlerinde toplanmýþ kitleler veya konkresyonlarýn lekelenme, kontur ve konumlanmasý açýsýndan geriye dönük olarak incelendi ve daha sonra kan prostat spesifik antijen (PSA) seviyeleri ile karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Bulgular: Her ne kadar bu kitlelerin bezin varsayýlan patolojik durumlarýndaki yararlýðýný vurgulayan anlamlý iliþkiler, boyama parametreleri ve konturlarý ilgili PSA düzeyleriyle karþýlaþtýrýlarak ortaya konmuþ olsa da, bir kýsmý çevredeki asinüslerle bir bütün olarak deðerlendirilmek kaydýyla, interlüminal kontur varyasyonlarý ve canlý boyama görünümleri ile bunlarýn bazýlarýnýn artefakt olma olasýlýðý dýþlanmadý. Yüksek yaþ ortalamasý ve PSA düzeyi olan hastalarda yoðun eozinofilik konkresyonlar saptandý.
Sonuçlar: Yuvarlak prostatik lümen içi kitleler, bez içindeki patolojik þiftleri gösterme eðilimindeydi; ancak slayt hazýrlýklarý sýrasýnda bunlarýn artefaktlara dönüþme olasýlýðý göz ardý edilemez.

Objective: There is no clear consensus regarding the contour of prostatic glandular intraluminal concretions. This study enlightens the rational approach toward deciphering the true nature of these concretions and evaluates their role in normal routine histology of the prostate gland.
Methods: Fifty hematoxylin and eosin slides that were prepared from procured transrectal biopsy specimens of normal prostate glands from asymptomatic patients suspected of having a prostatic disease but later found to be normal were retrospectively observed for the staining, contour, and positioning of the aggregated masses or concretions within their prostatic lumina and were then compared with the blood prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels.
Results: Although significant associations highlighting the utility of these masses in presumed pathological states of the gland were drawn by comparing their staining parameters and contours to those of their respective PSA levels, their interluminal contour variations and vivid staining appearances did not necessarily rule out the possibility of some of them being artefacts, provided they were assessed in totality with the surrounding acini. Intensely eosinophilic concretions were found in patients with a high mean age and those with high PSA levels.
Conclusions: Prostatic intraluminal masses that were rounded tended to indicate pathological shifts within the gland; however, the possibility of them changing to artefacts during slide preparations could not be ruled out.

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Amaç: Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OSAS) modern yaþam tarzý nedeniyle sýklýðý her geçen gün artan bir uyku bozukluðudur. Atrial fibrilasyon (AF) ile ayný predispozan faktörlere sahip olan hastalýkta hastalar çok sýk çarpýntý þikayeti ile polikliniðe baþvurmaktadýr. Mevcut semptomlar sýklýkla OSAS hastalýðýn seyrine baðlanmakta ve morbiditesi ve mortalitesi yüksek bir hastalýk olan AF’nin geliþimi yakalanamamaktadýr. Çalýþmamýzda bu hastalardaki visseral adipozite indeksi (VAI) ile AF geliþimi arasýndaki iliþkiyi araþtýrmayý amaçladýk.
Yöntemler: Çalýþmamýzda kardiyoloji polikliniðine baþvuran 207 hastanýn verileri retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. AF geliþen 44 ve geliþmeyen 163 hastanýn verileri karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasý demografik özellikler ve klinik risk faktörleri benzerdi (p>0,05). AF geliþen grupta VAI, apne-hipopne indeksi ve enflamatuvar markerlarýn daha yüksek olduðu saptandý ve multivariate analizde bu risk faktörlerinin anlamlý olduðu tespit edildi (p<0,05).
Sonuçlar: Çalýþmamýz sýklýðý her geçen gün artan OSAS’li hastalarda mortalite ve morbidite üzerinde etkisi olan AF’nin en önemli prediktörlerinden birisi olarak VAI’yý göstermesi bakýmýndan önemli olduðunu saptadýk. Gözlemlerimizi doðrulamak ve klinik uygulanabilirliðini belirlemek için daha ileri prospektif çalýþmalara ihtiyaç vardýr.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep disorder whose frequency is increasing daily due to modern lifestyle. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), which has the same predisposing factors, frequently visit the outpatient clinic with complaints of palpitation. Existing symptoms are often associated with the course of OSAS, and the development of AF, a disease with high morbidity and mortality, cannot be detected. In our study, we investigated the relationship between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and AF development in these patients.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 207 patients with OSAS who visited the cardiology outpatient clinic. The data of 44 patients with AF and 163 patients without AF were compared.
Results: Demographic characteristics and clinical risk factors were similar between the groups (p>0.05). VAI, apnea-hypopnea index, and inflammatory markers were higher in the AF group, and these risk factors were significant in the multivariate analysis (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Our study is important in terms of showing VAI as one of the most important predictors of AF, which has an impact on mortality and morbidity in patients with OSAS, whose frequency is increasing daily. Further prospective studies are required to confirm our observations and determine their clinical applicability.

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Amaç: Bu çalýþmada aþý yapýlmýþ koronavirüs hastalýðý-2019 (COVÝD-19) pnömonileri ve aþý yapýlmamýþ COVÝD-19 pnömonileri arasýndaki klinik-radyolojik ve laboratuvar farklýlýklarý araþtýrýlmýþtýr.
Yöntemler: Çalýþmaya Þubat 2022-Aðustos 2022 tarihleri arasýnda COVÝD-19 kliniðinde yatan olgular dahil edildi. Olgularýn klinik-radyolojik özellikleri, laboratuvar tetkikleri, tedavi öyküleri, klinikte takip süreleri, tedavi sonuçlarý ve COVÝD-19 aþý durumlarý kayýt edildi. Olgular COVÝD-19 aþýsý olan ve olmayanlar olarak iki gruba ayrýldý. Her iki grubun klinik, radyolojik ve laboratuvar özellikleri karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Bulgular: Çalýþmamýza toplam 215 hasta dahil edilmiþ olup, hastalar aþýlanma durumlarýna göre COVÝD-19 aþýsý olmayanlar (n=100) ve COVÝD-19 aþýsý olanlar olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrýldý (n=115). Aþý olmayan grupta eþlik eden ek kronik hastalýklar ve kanser varlýðý daha azdý. Aþý olmayan grubun aþý olan gruba göre yatýþ süresi daha fazlaydý (sýrasýyla 9,6 ve 7,1 gün) (p<0,001). Radyolojik tutulum paterni açýsýndan her iki grup arasýnda fark saptanmaz iken, aþý olmamýþ grupta tutulan segment sayýsý istatistiksel anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti (p<0,05). Aþý olmayan grupta yüksek dozda glukokortikoid tedavisi verilen olgu daha fazlaydý (28 olguya karþý 11 olgu; p<0,001). Hastalarýn yoðun bakým ünitesine transferi açýsýndan iki grup arasýnda istatistiksel anlamlý fark yoktu (p>0,05). Aþýlý grupta olgularýn %11,3’ü (13/115) eksitus olur iken, aþýsýz grupta %14’ü (14/100) eksitus olmuþtu (p=0,855).
Sonuçlar: COVÝD-19 aþýsý olan olgularýn aþý olmayanlara göre hastaneden daha kýsa sürede taburcu olmaktadýr, radyolojik olarak tutulum oranlarý daha düþüktür ve daha az yoðun tedaviye (puls steroid) maruz kalmaktadýrlar. Aþý olmayan olgular daha genç yaþta, kanser de dahil daha az ek hastalýða sahip olmalarýna raðmen aþý olmuþ olgular ile benzer mortalite özelliði göstermektedirler.

Objective: We aimed to analyze clinical, radiological, and laboratory differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients admitted to hospital due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
Methods: Patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 clinic between February 2022 and August 2022 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical features, and treatment results. Furthermore, the COVID-19 vaccination status of the cases was recorded. The cases were divided into two groups as those with and without COVID vaccination and compared.
Results: A total of 215 patients were included in our study, and the patients were divided into 2 groups according to their vaccination status: those who were unvaccinated against COVID-19 (n=100) and those who vaccinated COVID-19 (n=115). The presence of comorbid chronic diseases and cancer was lower in the unvaccinated group. The duration of hospitalization was longer in the unvaccinated group than in the vaccinated group (9.6 and 7.1 days, respectively) (p<0.001). While there was no difference between the two groups in terms of the radiological involvement pattern, the number of involved segments was significantly higher in the unvaccinated group (p<0.05). The number of patients who received high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in the unvaccinated group was higher (28 cases vs. 11 cases; p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of transfer of patients to the intensive care unit (p>0.05). 11.3% (13/115) of the patients in the vaccinated group died, whereas 14% (14/100) died in the unvaccinated group.
Conclusions: The vaccinated cases who were infected with COVID-19 had a shorter duration of hospitalization and lower severity of radiological involvement. The requirement for pulse steroids was also less compared with unvaccinated individuals. Despite having chronic diseases and cancer, which is considered to have a significant effect on mortality in COVID-19 patients. In addition, although the vaccinated group was older, they had mortality rates similar to those of unvaccinated subjects.

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Amaç: Ekokardiyografi, pulmoner hipertansiyon (PH) tanýsý ve tedavisinde çok yararlý bir araçtýr. Bu çalýþmada PH tanýlý çocuk hastalarda ekokardiyografik (EKO) verilerinin tedaviyi izlem ve yönlendirmede etkin olup olmadýðýný deðerlendirmeye yönelik planlanmýþtýr.
Yöntemler: PH tanýsý ile merkezimizde takip ettiðimiz 26 hastanýn verileri retrospektif olarak incelenmiþtir. Hastalarýn demografik özellikleri ve EKO bulgularýný içeren veriler üzerinde analizler yapýlmýþtýr. EKO ölçümleri hastalara tedavi baþlangýcýnda (EKO0), tedavinin 15. gününde (EKO1) ve EKO1’den bir ay sonra (EKO2) yapýlmýþtýr.
Bulgular: EKO2’deki sol ventrikül ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (EF) (p=0,05) ve fraksiyonel kýsalma (FK) (p=0,038) deðerleri EKO1’dekilerden anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti. Aortik hýz zaman integrali1 (VTI1), aortik VTI0’dan (p=0,001; p<0,01) ve triküspit anüler düzlem sistolik hareketi2 (TAPSE2), TAPSE0’dan (p=0,046) anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti. Ayrýca, sað ventrikül ejeksiyon zamaný1 (RVET1), RVET0’dan (p=0,034) ve sol ventrikül ejeksiyon zamaný (LVET1), LVET0’dan (p=0,003) anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti.
Sonuçlar: Çalýþmamýz, tedavinin ilk aþamalarýnda düzelme gösteren EKO parametreleri hakkýnda bilgi vermektedir. Tedavinin baþlangýcýnda bile sað ve sol ventrikül dolumu, EF ve FK’de düzelme görülmüþtür. PH’nin klinik kötüleþmesi, EKO kullanýlarak yapýlan ayrýntýlý incelemelerle hastanýn klinik durumu kötüleþmeden önce/erken tespit edilebilir.

Objective: Echocardiography is a very useful tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary hypertension (PH). This study was planned to investigate whether echocardiographic (ECHO) data of patients with PH are effective in the follow-up and course of treatment.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the data from 26 PH patients was performed. Analyses were performed on the data of the patients, including their demographics and ECHO findings. The ECHO measurements of the patients were labeled as 0 (beginning of the PH specific therapy), 1 (on the 15th day of the therapy), 2 (one month after the previous echocardiogram).
Results: The left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) (p=0.05) and fractional shortening (FS) (p=0.038) values in ECHO2 were significantly higher than those in ECHO1. Aortic velocity-time integral1 (VTI1) was significantly higher than aortic VTI0 (p=0.001; p<0.01), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion2 (TAPSE2) was significantly higher than TAPSE0 (p=0.046). Moreover, right ventricular ejection time1 (RVET1) was significantly higher than RVET0 (p=0.034), and left ventricular ejection time1 (LVET1) was significantly higher than LVET0 (p=0.003).
Conclusions: This study provides information on ECHO parameters that improve during the initial stages of therapy. Based on the results of our study, even at the beginning of treatment, there were increases in right and left ventricular filling, EF, and FS. Clinical deterioration of PH can be detected early/before the clinical status of the patient worsens with detailed examinations using echocardiography.

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Amaç: Konuþma algýsý, ayrýntýlý spektral ve zamansal bilgi gerektirir. Ancak koklear implant (KÝ), iþitsel sisteme iletilen bilgiyi sýnýrlý bir frekans aralýðýnda iþlemler ve iletir. Bu çalýþma, tek heceli kelime tanýma puanýný (KTP), KÝ simülasyonu kullanarak spektral kanallarýn ve kanal etkileþiminin bir fonksiyonu olarak deðerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadýr.
Yöntemler: Konuþma algýsýnýn KÝ iþleme parametreleri üzerindeki etkisini deðerlendirmek için iki ayrý deney yapýlmýþtýr. Birinci deneyde (n=29, ortalama yaþ: 23, 14 kadýn), KTP deðerlendirmesi için 8, 12, 16 ve 22 kanallý vokoder ve vokoder olmayan kelime listeleri kullanýlmýþtýr. Ýkinci deney (n=29, ortalama yaþ: 25, 16 kadýn), düþük, orta ve yüksek etkileþim koþullarýný içeren kanal etkileþiminin etkilerini incelemiþtir.
Bulgular: Birinci deneyde, katýlýmcýlar sýrasýyla 8, 12, 16 ve 22 kanallý vokoder ve vokoder olmayan koþullarda kelimeleri ortalama %57,93, %80,97, %83,59, %91,03 ve %95,45 doðru tanýmýþlardýr. Vokoder kanal sayýsýnýn KTP üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir etkisi vardýr ve 12 ve 16 kanal test koþullarý dýþýndaki tüm koþullar arasýndaki farklar da istatistiksel olarak anlamlýdýr (p<0,01). Ýkinci deneyde, katýlýmcýlar yüksek, orta ve düþük etkileþim koþullarýnda sýrasýyla %2,2, %20,6 ve %50,6 ortalama doðrulukla kelimeleri tanýmýþlardýr. Kanal etkileþimi, TKP üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir etkiye sahiptir ve tüm koþullar arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý farklýlýklar gözlemlenmiþtir (p<0,01).
Sonuçlar: Kanal sayýsýnýn KTP üzerinde anlamlý bir etkisi olmasýna raðmen, 12 ile 16 kanal arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý farklýlýk gözlenmemiþ olmasý ve kanal etkileþiminin tüm koþullarý arasýnda farklar gözlenmiþ olmasý dikkat çekicidir. Kanal sayýsýna baðlý olarak gözlemlenen farklýlýklar kanal etkileþiminin etkilerine göre daha az belirgindir. Bu bulgular, sinyal iþlemede ve KÝ ayarlama prosedürlerinde kanal etkileþimine öncelik vermenin önemini vurgulamaktadýr.

Objective: Speech perception relies on precise spectral and temporal cues. However, cochlear implant (CI) processing is confined to a limited frequency range, affecting the information transmitted to the auditory system. This study analyzes the influence of channel interaction and the number of channels on word recognition scores (WRS) within the CI simulation framework.
Methods: Two distinct experiments were conducted. The first experiment (n=29, average age =23 years, 14 females) evaluated the number of channels using eight, twelve, sixteen, and 22 channel vocoded and nonvocoded word lists for WRS assessment. The second experiment (n=29, average age =25 years, 16 females) explored channel interaction across low, middle, and high-interaction conditions.
Results: In the first experiment, participants scored 57.93%, 80.97%, 83.59%, 91.03%, and 95.45% under 8, 12, 16, and 22-channel vocoder and non-vocoder conditions, respectively. The number of vocoder channels significantly affected WRS, with significant differences observed in all conditions except between the 12-channel and 16-channels (p<0.01). In the second experiment, the participants scored 2.2%, 20.6%, and 50.6% under high, mid, and low interaction conditions, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed across all channel interaction conditions (p<0.01).
Conclusions: While the number of channels had a notable impact on WRS, it is essential to note that certain conditions (12 vs. 16) did not yield statistically significant differences. The observed differences in WRS were eclipsed by the pronounced effects of channel interaction. Notably, all conditions in the channel interaction experiment exhibited statistically significant differences. These findings underscore the paramount importance of prioritizing channel interaction in signal processing and CI fitting.

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Amaç: Potansiyel olarak uygun olmayan ilaç kullanýmý (UÝK) geriatrik popülasyonun önemli bir sorunudur. Kanser hastalarýnda karþýlaþýlan farklý sorunlar nedeniyle reçete miktarý ve uyumsuzluk artmaktadýr. Amacýmýz gastrointestinal sistem kanserli hastalarda UÝK’nin etkilerini deðerlendirmek ve kemoterapi yan etkileri, mortalite ve progresyon ile iliþkisini araþtýrmaktýr.
Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif kohort çalýþmada gastrointestinal sistem kanseri olan 154 hasta deðerlendirilmiþtir. Demografik ve hastalýk özellikleri, “TIME-to-STOP” kriterlerine göre UÝK varlýðý ve baþlangýç laboratuvar parametreleri kaydedilmiþtir. UÝK’nin saðkalým ve tedavinin advers olaylarý üzerindeki etkileri deðerlendirilmiþtir.
Bulgular: Olgularýn %66,9’u erkek ve %33,1’i kadýndýr. Ortalama yaþ 71,9±6,4 yýl idi. Kemoterapinin en sýk görülen yan etkileri bulantý, kusma, böbrek hasarý ve aðrý olarak sýralanmýþtýr. Toplam 98 UÝK arasýnda en sýk kullanýlan reçeteler gliclazide, hyoscine N-butylbromide, simethicone, diphenoxylate atropine ve thiocolchicoside idi. Katýlýmcýlarýn %68,1’inde UÝK tespit edilmiþtir. Kemoterapi yan etkileri UÝK grubunda daha yaygýndý (p<0,001, olasýlýk oraný =5,6). UÝK’nin mortalite üzerinde etkisi yoktu. Mortalite ile iliþkili faktörler yaþ, evre, albumin, kreatinin, operasyon öyküsü ve progresyon idi. Regresyon analizinde yaþ, kanser evresi, albümin, kreatinin, operasyon öyküsü ve UÝK arasýnda anlamlý bir iliþki bulundu. UÝK ile progresyonsuz saðkalým arasýnda bir iliþki bulunmadý.
Sonuç: Kemoterapi toksisitesi taný sýrasýnda saptanan UÝK ile artabilir. UÝK’nin kemoterapinin yan etkilerini öngörmede ve olumsuz etkileri en aza indirmede önemli bir faktör olabileceðini düþünüyoruz.

Objective: Potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) is a crucial problem in the geriatric population. The amount of prescription and unadherence increase because of the different problems encountered in cancer patients. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of PIM in patients with gastrointestinal system cancer and to investigate its relationship with chemotherapy side effects, mortality, and progression.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed 154 patients with gastrointestinal system cancer. Demographics and disease features, the presence of PIM according to the “TIME-to-STOP” criteria and baseline laboratory parameters were recorded. The effects of PIM on survival and adverse treatment events were evaluated.
Results: 66.9% of the cases were male and 33.1% were female. The mean age was 71.9±6.4 years. The most common side effects of chemotherapy are nausea, vomiting, kidney injury, and pain. The most frequently used prescriptions among the 98 PIMs were gliclazide, hyoscine N-butylbromide, simethicone, diphenoxylate atropine, and thiocolchicoside. PIM was detected in 68.1% of the participants. Chemotherapy side effects were more common in PIM group (p<0.001, odds ratio =5.6). PIM had no effect on mortality. Factors associated with mortality were age, stage, albumin, creatinine, operation history, and progression. A significant relationship was found between age, cancer stage, albumin, creatinine, operation history, and PIM in the regression model. There was no relationship between PIM and progression-free survival.
Conclusion: Chemotherapy toxicity may increase with PIM detected on diagnosis. We suggest that PIM is an important factor in predicting the side effects of chemotherapy and minimizing the adverse effects.

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Ýlk ön dal olan çölyak trunkus, abdominal aortanýn ilk ventral dalý olarak genellikle T12 vertebral cisim seviyesinde, aortik hiatusun hemen altýndan çýkar. Genellikle sol gastrik, ortak hepatik ve splenik arterlere ayrýlýr. Bu yazýda, baðýþlanan iki kadýn kadavrada, rutin abdominal diseksiyon sýrasýnda çölyak trunkusun dallanma paterninde ve seyrinde görülen nadir bir varyasyon sunulmaktadýr. Etkin üst abdominal cerrahi ve radyolojik prosedürler gerçekleþtirmek ve karaciðer kanserleri için yeni giriþimsel ve tedavi seçeneklerini benimsemek için çölyak trunkusu ve kökenindeki ve dallanma paternindeki farklýlýklarý anlamak çok önemlidir. Anatomi uzmanlarý olarak biz de çalýþmamýzdaki varyasyonlarý embriyolojik oluþumlarýyla iliþkilendirmeye çalýþmaktayýz.

The coeliac trunk, the first anterior branch, often originates at the level of the T12 vertebral body, right below the aortic hiatus, as the first ventral branch of the abdominal aorta. It commonly divides into the left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries. We report a rare variation in the branching pattern and course of branches of the coeliac trunk in two donated female cadavers during routine abdominal dissection. It is essential to understand the coeliac trunk and the distinctions in its origin and branching pattern to perform efficient upper abdominal surgical and radiological procedures and to adopt novel interventional and treatment options for hepatic cancers. As anatomists, we are also attempting to link our study’s variations to their embryological genesis.

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Abstract | Full Text PDF

Abstract | Full Text PDF

Abstract | Full Text PDF

Abstract | Full Text PDF

Abstract | Full Text PDF